Grinded GLASS fiber (GGF) embedded high density polyethylene (HDPE) MEMBRANEs were prepared via thermally induced phase separation method. FESEM images showed that all the MEMBRANEs had leafy structure, indicating a solid-liquid mechanism during phase separation. The results of EDX and TGA analyses confirmed that the fibers were dispersed in the HDPE matrix uniformly. Normalized water flux of the MEMBRANEs increased from 1 for the neat HDPE MEMBRANE to more than 4 for 10 wt% GGF/HDPE MEMBRANE. Moreover, the contact angle decreased from 129° to 94° as the GGF content increased in the MEMBRANEs, showing an improvement in the surface hydrophilicity of the MEMBRANEs. The AFM results revealed that the surface roughness of the MEMBRANEs was increased with increasing the GGF content. The results of abrasion test revealed that the GGF/HDPE MEMBRANEs had a more abrasion resistance than the neat HDPE MEMBRANE. Finally, the fouling behavior of the MEMBRANEs was investigated by the filtration of BSA protein solution and the results showed that with increasing the GLASS fiber content, total fouling ratio decreased from 90% for the neat HDPE MEMBRANE to 62% for 10 wt% GGF/HDPE MEMBRANE, indicating that the antifouling properties of the MEMBRANEs were improved due to the presence of GLASS fiber.

Gas flow meter sensor is produced with thin film techniques. This sensor is of thermal type, and when gas flows over the heater, some thermal energy is. carried away, hence temperature difference is produced between two sides of the heater. Temperature sensitive element of this sensor is made of two Ni-Cr thermo arrays. This sensor can measure the flow within 10 Sccm to 10000 Sccm in the rectangular duct of cross section 1x15 mm2. Design, mask making, different deposition, lithography and etching of these layers are successfully done. Micromachining over GLASS for producing GLASS MEMBRANE is carried out. The results of the experiments on the behavior and response of this sensor is reported which showing the sensor response to be linear up to 1000 Sccm. A new geometrical design is proposed which will increase the sensitivity of the sensor.

Background and Aims: Micro leakage is a criterion proposed for assessing the success of any restorative material. Complete seal is difficult especially for dentin margins compared to enamel margins. The aim of this study was to assess the micro leakage at the enamel and dentin margins of class V cavities restored by two GIs and two self-etch adhesive systems.Materials and Methods: This study was done on forty third molars. Class V cavities (3´2´2mm) were prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces of teeth using high speed handpiece with 0.8 mm diamond fissure burr. The occlusal margins of the cavities in the enamel and gingival margins were placed 1 mm below the CEJ. The teeth were divided into 4 groups and the bondings were cured for 20 sec and the teeth were restored. The specimens were kept in distilled water at the temperature of 37°C for 24 hrs. The teeth were thermo cycled and cut in buccolingual direction using diamond disc under water. The dye penetration was evaluated using a stereomicroscope and the leakage was scored. The scores were compared using Kruskal-Wallis test while the paired comparisons were done using Bonferroni correction. P≤0.05 was regarded as significant results.Results: Micro leakage scores were similar at the occlusal and gingival walls of all test groups. At the gingival walls, the least micro leakage scores were observed. “Fuji IX + SE bond” group showed significant differences with the “Fuji IX + G bond” and “Nano GLASS + G bond” groups (P£0.05). At the occlusal walls, the least scores were observed in the “Fuji IX+SE bond” specimens which were significantly different from the other groups (P£0.05).Conclusion: Self-Cure GLASS ionomers yielded less micro leakage scores compared to the different types of light-cures due to the less polymerization shrinkage.

The investigation of GLASS MEMBRANE nowadays is very important branch in scientific researches, has a differences sides. One of them is the change in composition of GLASS MEMBRANE for control the phase separation and pore size. The important group of usage composition in GLASS MEMBRANE is the borosilicate GLASS former. The effect of additives such as CaO and BaO on the these systems has been investigated in some scientist`s researches. In this research, the effect of MgO and temperature variation on these compositions and the phase separation quality and their pore size was investigated. Addition of 0, 2, 4 and 6 percent of MgO with change in heat treatment temperature in four temperatures 670oC, 690oC, 710oC, 730oC was investigated. For preparation the GLASS MEMBRANEs, after melting the primary composition, the molten GLASS was cooled and then annealed. Productions heat treated in four temperatures and then etched. After analyzed the samples with SEM, leaching the samples and then samples analyze with porous analysis such as BET and BJH. At the end receiving to mean pore size about 12 nm and although pore size distribution from 5 to 100 nm was the important results of this research.

There exist some differences between different strains of the nitrogen fixing bacteria in legumes tolerant to salt. Correct selection of bacterial strains resistant to salt can help increase the nitrogen fixation in soils. The study of negative effect of this factor in nitrogen fixation can help us in correct utilization of land. Study of the role of bacterial and plant cell cytoplasmic MEMBRANE which are part of the symbiotic process can help use symbiotic nitrogen fixation for increasing the yield. This study showed that within Lupine and Lucerna and their symbiotic bacteria there are a lot of differences in respect to salt tolerant levels. Lupine had 100 mM and Lucerna 175 mM concentration resistance in root growth conditions and their symbiotic bacteria Lupine tolerated 50mM .and Lucerna 400 mM (NaCl) in solid media conditions, respectively. No active transport to outside the cell through the cytoplasmic layer and their symbiotic constituents (Bacteroids, Cymbiocom) takes place and the salt resistant could be attributed to the intercellular compoundswhich cause osmotic pressure.

Purpose: To compare the anatomical and functional results of deep vitrectomy with and without ILM peeling for full thickness macular hole.Materials & Methods: 37 eyes of 37 patients with full thickness macular hole (FTMH), confirmed by clinical examination and optical coherence tomography (OCT), enrolled in this clinical trial. Based on the stage of FTMH (stage 2, 3, 4) as described by Gass and the techniques of surgery (with or without ILM peeling) the patients were randomized into two different groups. All patients underwent preoperative Act and at least one OCT image was obtained during the postoperative follow up.After obtaining informed consent, deep vitrectomy and 20% SF6 injection was performed. The patients were unaware of their allocation status. Patients data & surgical outcome were collected and statistically analyzed. Anatomical success was defined as hole closure at postoperative OCT and functional success was referred to any improvement in visual acuity. Macular hole index (MHI) was defined as a ratio of the greatest height to the base diameter of the hole on cross-sectional OCT images.Results: 37 eyes of 37 patients (15 men & 22 women) were enrolled. The mean age of the patients was 56.4±21.94 years and FTMH were traumatic in 13 cases (35%) and Idiopathic in 24 (65%) cases. Twenty cases underwent deep vitrectomy with ILM peeling (ILM group) and the remaining cases underwent vitrectomy without ILM peeling (no ILM group).The mean preoperative 10gMAR visual acuity was 1.38±1 in the ILM group and 1.22±0.13 in the no ILM group, these improved to 0.95±1 and 0.77±0.31 postoperatively in the ILM and no ILM group, respectively (P=0.871). The overall anatomical success rate was 64%. The hole was closed in 70% of ILM peeling and 47% in the no ILM group (Chi-square test, P=0.15). In anatomically successful cases the mean of postoperative VA was significantly improved (P=0.001).In traumatic subgroup, ILM peeling seems did not affect the anatomical (P=0.2) and visual Success rates (P=0.5). There was no significant differences in hole closure rates between the traumatic and idiopathic FTMH (P=0.968). Visual acuity significantly improved after operation In MHI ³ 0.5 group compared with the MHk 0.5 group. The stage of the hole did not affect the anatomical success rate (P=0.52) or visual acuity improvement (P=0.741). Macular hole index ³ 0.5 had a prognostic value for postoperative visual acuity improvement. The hole duration was not related to anatomical success rate but there is an inverse relation between duration of the symptoms and improvement in VA.Conclusion: Deep vitrectomy and SF6 injection was a safe & effective surgical technique for full thickness macular hole and peeling of the ILM seems did not affect the anatomical or functional success rates. The hole duration, stage and origin of the hole (traumatic or idiopathic) does not related to the anatomical success or visual acuity improvement. MHI  ³ 0.5 seems to be a prognostic factor for postoperative visual improvement but not for closure rate.